Автор: - Kyzikos (centered 675 BCE)
- Sinope (c. 631 BCE)
- Pantikapaion (c. 600 BCE)
- Olbia (c. 550 BCE)
685 BCE), Byzantium (668 BCE), and Herakleia Pontike (560 BCE). Fundamentally, nearly the whole Black Ocean is enclosed by Greek territories also if the, as elsewhere, warfare, compromises, inter-marriages, and you can diplomacy needed to be combined with indigenous peoples in check to ensure the colonies’ success. On the later 6th 100 years BCE particularly, the brand new territories considering tribute and you will hands toward Persian Kingdom and gotten defense reciprocally. Shortly after Xerxes’ were unsuccessful intrusion from Greece within the 480 and 479 BCE, the new Persians withdrew their interest in your community which invited the fresh new larger poleis particularly Herakleia Pontike and you may Sinope to improve their particular electricity from conquest regarding regional communities and you may less neighbouring poleis. The new ensuing success also anticipate Herakleia in order to located territories out-of her very own from the 420s BCE from the eg websites because the Chersonesos in the newest Crimea.
From the beginning of one’s Peloponnesian Combat during the 431 BCE, Athens took a desire for the location, sending colonists and you can starting garrisons. An enthusiastic Athenian actual visibility was brief-lived, however, lengthened-lasting is a keen Athenian affect culture (particularly sculpture) and change (particularly from Black Ocean grain). To the ultimate detachment away from Athens, brand new Greek territories was basically remaining to help you fend on their own and you may fulfill alone the newest possibilities from neighbouring energies like the Regal Scythians and, sooner, Macedon and you may Philip II.
Connection with the fresh Homeland
Most territories was indeed built on the fresh new political brand of the Greek polis, however, brand of regulators included those individuals viewed around the Greece alone — oligarchy, tyranny, and also democracy — as well as is slightly not the same as the device in the maker, moms and dad town. A strong Greek social label was also was able via the use from founding mythology and you may such broad-bequeath and you may quintessentially Greek attributes of everyday life while the words, food, degree, religion, sport as well as the gym, theatre with its special Greek disaster and you will comedy performs, artwork, structures, opinions, and you will technology. So much so you to a great Greek town inside Italy otherwise Ionia could, about on top, look and you can operate very much like some other urban area into the Greece. Change significantly facilitated the latest institution out-of a common ‘Greek’ technique for life. Such as products just like the wine, olives, wood, and you can ceramic was exported and you will imported anywhere between poleis. Even performers and you will architects by themselves moved and set upwards classes aside using their family polis, to make sure that temples, sculpture, and you will ceramics turned recognisably Greek across the Mediterranean.
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Colonies did introduce their unique regional identities, naturally, particularly while they that frequently integrated local those with their own kind of community, with the intention that for each and every region of colonies got their idiosyncrasies and differences. On the other hand, regular changes in the fresh new certificates to be a citizen and you will pressed resettlement from communities implied colonies had been usually so much seniorpeoplemeet randki more culturally diverse and you may politically volatile compared to Greece itself and you can municipal conflicts thus had increased regularity. Still, particular territories performed extraordinarily well, and lots of at some point outdid the brand new beginning Greek superpowers.
Territories have a tendency to formed associations having for example-inclined neighbouring poleis. There had been, in contrast, plus problems anywhere between colonies as they built themselves because strong and completely independent poleis, never subject to their founding town-condition. Syracuse in the Sicily are an example of a more impressive polis and that constantly desired to enhance the region and build an empire of its individual. Colonies hence went on to help you then introduce colonies of their own and you can which minted their coinage simply strengthened the cultural and you can political independence.
Regardless if territories could well be fiercely separate, they were at the same time likely to feel energetic participants of one’s wide Greek world. This is often manifested throughout the supply of troops, boats, and money to have Panhellenic issues such as those against Persia and you may the fresh Peloponnesian Conflict, the fresh sending of sports athletes towards the great dressed in games at cities for example Olympia and you can Nemea, the back ground upwards off military win monuments during the Delphi, brand new make certain out-of safe passing so you can overseas travellers thanks to its territory, or even the export and you may transfer from mental and you may visual facts such as for example due to the fact functions from Pythagoras or centers off study including Plato’s academy which drawn scholars from along the Greek community. Up coming, in times of issues, colonies may be assisted out by the beginning polis and you may allies, whether or not this could only be a great pretext to the purple goals of one’s larger Greek states. An old exemplory case of this would be Athens’ Sicilian Expedition in 415 BCE, theoretically at the least, introduced to greatly help brand new colony from Segesta.
