Автор: Haj, Disability for the Antiquity, q
Journal of your own Western China Community 58: 235-forty. Heading representations from Mani otherwise Manes, c. 216-276 Le, is chatted about, with said of your society sexy Kinesisk kvinner listed because of the al-Nadim (composing c. 987 Ce) that Mani try lame in base or even in his correct feet. One to lifestyle might possibly be supported by retranslation out-of an expression for the the fresh Pahlavi Denkart (step 3.2 hundred, 1-13) (find Dinkard, above), applying the term ‘broken’ or ‘crippled’ so you can Mani (select lower than, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Right here, centered on Michael Dols, the guy talked about “physical infirmities including facial skin problems, lameness, paralysis, and you may deafness and private attributes such as for example baldness, leanness, and ugliness
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr container Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The fresh Lepers, the new Lame, the Blind, and Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) was a prolific, influential and significantly ugly author that have ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), in the Basra (now within the Iraq), whoever functions has been far quoted over the Arab business. ” Their point was to reveal that “bodily infirmities and you can peculiarities do not hinder one out of being a totally energetic member of the latest Muslim community otherwise club your of crucial organizations. Al-Jahiz managed one to physical circumstances commonly social stigmas but are what is called signs and symptoms of divine blessing or like.” (Meters Dols, 1983, The leper when you look at the Medieval Islamic community. Speculum 58: 891-916, on the p. 901) Even with his own contact with negative personal reactions, al-Jahiz in just one of their ideal-understood really works, ‘The Miracle away from Creation’, had written harshly throughout the personal regions of deafness. Besides the deaf individuals loss of tunes, “Men and women are bored stiff within his business in which he was a burden on it. He is not able to listen to some of the man’s reports and you can conversations. Whether or not expose it’s as though he was in fact missing, and even though live it’s since if the guy was inactive.” (quoted because of the F. v., p. 159). Discover next activities. A special commentator cards one to “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is considered the most difficult functions Jahiz, and its own question is practically unique into the historical Arabic literary works. (Around will not seem to be an English interpretation offered at present).
JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Life inside the Old India once the Illustrated in the Jain Canons. Bombay: The latest Publication Team. Illness and therapy, and individuals disabilities, out-of Jaina supplies (pp. 178-81). People who have disabilities, together with rational retardation, is actually excluded out-of joining spiritual orders (194). Look for Tattvartha Sutra, below; and additionally second a couple of points).
[JAINA Messages] Gaina Sutras translated off Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, 2 vols, (1884 and you will 1895), SBE twenty-two & 45, Oxford: Clarendon. [The newest SBE series utilized an italicised ‘G’ unlike ‘J’, needless to say causes. Here ‘Gaina’ has been reinserted regarding the regular alphabetical acquisition getting benefits.] — Brand new Akaranga Sutra (for the vol. I), out-of probably the 5th century Le, gave training having good holy and you will harmless existence. Handicap and you will disability arrive, elizabeth.g. “towards the break down of the thinking of the ear canal, eyes, organs of smell, tasting, coming in contact with, one becomes conscious of this new refuse regarding lifetime” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk I (2) 1]. Fruit regarding wrong serves when you look at the earlier lives try: “Comes and leprosy, consumption, shedding illness, blindness and hardness, lameness and you may humpbackedness, Dropsy and you may dumbness, look! apoplexy (?) and attention-state, trembling and crippledness, elephantiasis and you will diabetes, They are sixteen illness enumerated inside the due purchase; along with them of many conditions and you can wounds exist.” (I: 54) [Bk We (6) step one.] Yet best-inclined anyone would be to take the time to explore inoffensive terms whenever conference anyone with eg standards. It “shouldn’t cam ones along these lines: ‘He ‘s got boils otherwise leprosy, etcetera [adding new terminology shown above]; their hands try slashed, or their feet, nostrils, ear canal, lip is cut.’ Having while the every these people, spoken to this kind of vocabulary, end up being crazy, which, given better, they need to perhaps not keep in touch with all of them in such words.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) 2.] — The latest Uttaradhyayana Sutra (for the Vol. II) as well as notes impairment having ageing, “Whether your human anatomy increases dated, as well as your tresses transforms white, the efficacy of your own ears decrease”, furthermore on sight, nose, language, contact (II: p. 44) [chapter X]. — The fresh Sutrakritanga Sutra (within the Vol. II) states into the passage the fresh new “blind-created man” (p. 243), and you may “men whom walk on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering just after matrimony are warned of terrible disablement off one to disease: becoming bought about off beginning right until midnight because of the wife, therefore the remaining evening calming infants and you can washing the nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks whom get involved in erotic pleasures is promised nevertheless even worse vexation after they pass away; then they “would be produced deaf and dumb, or blind [footnote: both blind by the birth, or definitely stupid otherwise ignorant], or foolish because of the beginning.” (p. 363; equivalent for the pp. 367, 430) [Bk dos (2); and dos (7)].
