Once i equals j (hukou homogamy), one another x

record F cijkl = Picture 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )

_ijkl and y_ijkl equal 0. x_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and y_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), x_ijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, y_ijkl equals 1 if k < l>

Next, i level ining how probability of hukou intermarriage alter which have for each and every wife or husband’s training (Gullickson and you can Torche, 2014), and we also further examine variation from inside the markets exchange between the two towns.

diary F cijkl = Picture 2 + ? p = 1 2 ? p u pij + ? q = 1 2 ? q w qij + ? c ? p = step one 2 ? p you pij + ? c ? q = step 1 dos ? q w qij

When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both u_pij and w_qij equal 0. u_pij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and w_qij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), u_pij equals 1 if k >p and w_qij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), u_pij equals 1 if l > p and w_qij equals 1 if k > q.

Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?_p and ?_q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the kaunis Romanian postimyynti morsiamet same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Detailed Show

Detailed leads to Table step one show hukou area pairings away from partners from the urban area. Inside Shanghai, on 47% regarding mini-census had been developed anywhere between several migrants; in Shenzhen, one to payment is over 70%. On the 38% off marriage ceremonies inside a couple local spouses within the Shanghai, whereas fifteen% off marriages got a couple of local partners during the Shenzhen. Obviously, somebody had a tendency to wed inside their hukou condition category in both metropolitan areas. In both places, marriage ceremonies ranging from a community partner and a beneficial migrant spouse was basically much apt to be than just marriages anywhere between good migrant husband and a neighborhood spouse to happen (13% compared to. 3% within the Shanghai and eleven% compared to. 4% into the Shenzhen). The fresh new portion of hukou area homogamy is similar in the a few towns and cities. Yet ,, we need to understand the outcomes which have alerting, just like the display away from migrants differs within these a couple towns and cities. The fresh relative sized migrants and you will residents creates architectural relationship ventures for folks to find prospective spouses and finally ). Log-linear investigation allows us to see the amount of hukou homogamy, net of compositional effects, by the controlling to own limited withdrawals away from hukou position.

Desk 1.

We very first introduce the latest withdrawals out-of studies attainment to possess migrant husbands, local husbands, migrant spouses, and you will local wives within the for every single area, respectively, during the Figure step 1 . An average of, migrants was shorter knowledgeable than just locals, despite gender, in Shanghai and you may Shenzhen. One of migrants, guys are ideal knowledgeable than feamales in both Shanghai and you may Shenzhen. In contrast, certainly natives, the gender pit from inside the knowledge try both short if not stopped: regional guys an average of are merely somewhat best experienced than simply the female counterparts into the Shenzhen, and you can local feminine on average be much more educated than just their men counterparts for the Shanghai. Log-linear models manage for the degree inequalities anywhere between someone and you may ranging from locals and you can migrants to recapture the latest connections anywhere between spouses’ studies and you may ranging from instructional and you will hukou area assortative mating, web of your own limited distributions from spouses’ characteristics.